一 技术介绍

编著：梁守渝 Mri D. Ngo

来源：中国散手快摔

Chapter 1

General Introduction

技法介绍

1-1.   Introduction

San Shou Kuaijiao (散手快跤) refers to the techniques used in free fighting to take down or throw an opponent. Because San shou kuai jiao emphasizes speed. it is known as Fast Wrestling 'The words San Shou (散手) in Chinese mean free fighting, and imply the use of bare handed martial skills. kuai Jiao (快摔) means quickly clowning or throwing an  opponent.

    Traditionally. Chinese martial arts fighting techniques are divided into four general fighting categories: Ti (踢), Da(打), Shuai (摔), Na (拿)  Ti is kicking; Da is striking, Shuai (short for Shuai Jiao,摔跤) is wrestling, Na is Qin Na (擒拿), i.e. seizing and controlling an opponent's joints and cavities Generally speaking, when you encounter an oppo-nent in a fight, leg techniques are used in long ranges and hand tech-niques are used for short ranges

    To become a well-rounded martial artist, you must he proficient in the four basic fighting skills mentioned above In the past, San Shou competition was held on the Lei Tai (擂臺 ). a 24 x24foot platform 5 feethigh. Victory was decided when an opponent was thrown off the Lei Tai

or knocked to the floor. Therefore, Shuai Jiao is an important part of San Shou fighting. A martial artist without any Shuai Jiao skills would not easily survive a San Shou match.

    Shuai Jiao is believed to he the oldest martial art in China. its histo-ry can be traced back thousands of years Legend tells that Shuai Jiau already existed during the reign of the Yellow Emperor (Huang Ti,黄帝2697 B.C.) and was used to train soldiers. Throughout Chinese history

the art has been adopted by governments of different dynasties as a mil-itary training method. however,Shuai Jiao was not only used as a tool for military training, but also widely practiced among civilians. It was the civilinans who perfected and popularized the art.

   In the Song dynasty (960-1278 A.D ), Shuai Jiao skill had reached a very high level and fast wrestling (Kuai Jiao,快跤 ) already existed and was very popular. During this period. throws became more complex, and speed and skillfulness of movement was emphasized.

   Technically speaking, the foundation and basic principles of San Shou Kuai Jiao are based on traditional Chinese wrestling (Chuan Tong Shuai Jiao,傳統摔跤) and adapted for combat training. San Shou Kuai Jiao techniques and principles are very simple, effective and-mostimportantly-quick.13ecause of its speed and effectiveness. an oppo-nent often does not have a chance to fight back. San Shou Kuai Jiao is an art that does not rely just on muscular strength-it must be done skill-fully It always emphasizes avoiding direct impact with an enemy'spower It also emphasizes getting close to an enemy quickly and using the eneJny's power against himself. Because of its effectiveness. San Shou Kuai Jiao has been trained along with all styles of Chinese martial arts for thousands of years.

    San Shou Kuai Jiao can cause tremendous physical damage to an opponent. The severity of the damage is dependent on the degree of power used in the technique Moderate use of power can quickly throw down an opponent and disable his fighting ability. Excessive use of power can permanently injure an opponent. Therefore, the value of San Shou Kuai Jiao has been recognized by Chinese martial artists for cen-

turies Even with today's modern military technology, San Shou Kuai Jiao is still an important combat skill In China today it is used to train the police, the military, and special forces.

 Differences Between San Shou Kuai Jiao and Other Styles

of Wrestling

   In general when fighting. the conflict becomes a competition of power, speed, technique, and adaptability to changing situations The goal is to quickly disable your opponent's fighting ability so that he can-not fight back When fighting on the street. you cannot risk tangling with your opponent too long. You need to end the fight as soon as possible,especially if you are facing more than one opponent. San Shou Kuai Jiao is perfectly suitable for self-defense on the street because it specializes in throwing techniques to disable an opponent's fighting ability.

Throwing techniques can be used whether you initiate the attack or are defending against one Almost every part of your body can be used against an opponent The most common body parts used are: head.Hands,elbow. Shoulder,foot, knees and hips.

   As mentioned earlier, San Shou Kuai Jiao is a special kind of martialart technique used to throw or take down an opponent very fast. This art shares many similarities with other wrestling styles, especially tradi-tional Chinese wrestling and Japanese Jujitsu and Judo This is no sur-prise because San Shou Kuai Jiao's foundation is based on traditional Chinese wrestling,and traditional Chinese wrestling influenced Jujitsu and Judo.

    Many martial arts historians believe that it was Chinese wrestling that greatly influenced the soft arts of Japan. During the late Ming dynasty, a government officer and martial artist named Chen, Yuan-Yun(陳元,1587-1671 A.D.Ming dynasty) fled China to Japan in the year 1659 and later taught martial arts there This is recorded in japan’s his-tory documents Collection of Ancestor’s conversations(先哲叢談),

Volume 2, Biography of Chen,Yuan-yun (卷二.陳元黉傳). The Japanesebuilt a monument to honor his contributions to Japan's martial arts.This monument still stands outside of a temple in Tokyo..

   Generally speaking. most San Shou Kuai Jiao techniques were derived from traditional Chinese Wrestling (Shuai Jiao), and Shuai Jiao is the oldest form of Chinese martial arts However, because Shuai Jiao already existed for thousand of years, it became a complete system by itself, Therefore, Shuai Jiao provides many important foundations for San Shou Kuai Jiao's techniques and development.

   Although San Shou Kuai Jiao shares some similarities with tradition-al wrestling and other arts, from a technical point of view, San Shou Kuai Jiao's technique construction, basic principles, applications and pur-poses are quite different from the rest These differences are San Shou Kuai Jiao's distinctive characteristics. In general, we can summarize these differences as follows:

   First, compared to traditional Chinese wrwstling,Jujitsu and Judo,San Shou Kuai Jiao emphasizes more speed when throwing. in con-trast,traditional wrestling, Jujitsu and Judo emphasize obtaining good grappling position on an opponent's body or uniform first, and then applying the throw. In this way. it takes more time to throw down an opponent.

  Second. San Shou Kuai Jiao incorporates kicking and punching techniques. San Shou Kuai Jiao always combines hand and leg tech niques. However, traditional wrestling, Jujitsu and Judo, especially the sport varieties, do not emphasize these techniques.

  Third,unlike Greco-Roman and free-style wrestling, Jujitsu, and Judo, San Shou Kuai Jiao generally avoids falling to the ground and grappling too long with an opponent One simple reason is that it is dangerous to tangle with an opponent on the ground in a real fight, espe-cially if you face multiple opponents.

  These differences do not imply that one style is superior to another.Fighting is a very complicated subject. There are many factors behind victory Winning a fight depends on situation, timing. location, skills,strength, and the spirit of the individual.lt does not depend on the styleitself. As a martial artist, keep an open mind to accept and absorb theeffective elements of other styles In turn. it will help to bring your .skill to a higher level.

1-2. Genera~ Principles of San Shou Kuai Jiao

Like many other different martial art styles, successful straegies for attack and defense will generally follow the style's basic principles and rules. Without understanding the style's principles and rules, you will not achieve a high level of skill. One of the basic principles of San Shou Kuai Jiao is taking advantage of your opponent's body posture and applying the appropriate techniques at the right time to make your opponent fall. When applying a San Shou Kuai Jiao technique, you must follow your opponent’s body postures and techniques. and know how to borrow your opponent's power and use it againse him. For example;when your opponent's body is extend forward. you should not try to throw him ackward, and vice versa.

There are two basic elements in a successful throw First, the oppor-tunity to quickly throw your opponent depends primarily upon his body posture. Second, you must use the right San Shou Kuai Jiao technique at the right time. The throw will not be successful if you miss either of the two elements mentioned above

San Shou Kuai Jiao techniques are concealed by or mixed with hand and leg techniques. The techniques can be defensive or offensive. When used defensively,you must lure an opponent to come in and attack first,or intercept your opponent's attack at the right moment, then apply the appropriate technique When used offensively, you need to be able to create throwing opportunities by attacking first. Kicks, punches, and

fakes will force an opponent to concentrate on defense while you look for the right opportunity to throw him.

Opportunity is an important factor in a fight But in order to take advantage of an opportunity, timing and decision are important You need to know how to capitalize on the opportunity when it comes During fighting,you and your opponent will move and change fighting

Strategies constantly. Therefore,body postures also change all the time to adjust to new situations. The change in body posture will happen in the blink of an eye However. there is always a chance that the opponent will make a mistake When he does, you need to make a quick decision and apply the appropriate technique If your timing is off or you are indecisive, the opportunity will disappear. And if you pursue a disap-pearing chance, not only will your efforts be in vain, you may also put

yourself in a dangerous position.

In order to be proficient in the art of San Shou Kuai Jiao. not only must you understand the basic principles, but you also need to have many other skills. You need to have the right mindset when facing an opponent;your techniques must tje alive. fast and powerful; and you need know how and when to capitalize on opportunities and apply tech niques in an ingenious way Of course. the use of strategy in a fight can-not be ignored.

   The following key points are emphasized in San Shou Kuai Jiao train-ing. Each point will be discussed in detail.

   1).Coordination of the External and Internal.

   2).Grasp the Advantageous Opportunity in Fight.                                         

   3).Techniques Must  be Skillful.

   4).The Execution of the Techniques Must he Quick

   5).Prepare Mentally.

   6).Adapt Strategy Wisely

 1). Coordination of the External and Internal

   All proficient Chinese martial artists train the coordination of exter-nal physical action (Yang,阳) and internal mental strength and energy(Yin,阴).Through this coordination. the entire body is able to manifest power and execute techniques with maximum strength and efficiency.Therefore. external emphasis is on: hands (Shou.手), eyes (Yan, 眼),body (Shen,身), techniques (Fa.法), and stepping (Bu,步) and internal emphasis is on: essence (Jing.精), spirit (Shen,神), internal energy (Qi.

气), muscular strength (Li.力). and Gongfu or Kung Fu (Gong - timeand energy, 功) These ten requirements can be considered the root and foundation of Chinese martial arts practice. When these internal and external elements are united and harmonized,the martial techniques will be alive, fast. and powerful Naturally, since San Shou Kuai Jiao is apart of Chinese martial arts, these ten requirements are also heavily emphasized and practiced in San Shou Kuai Jiao training,If fact, the

effectiveness of San Shou Kuai Jiao techniques depends totally on all ten training requirements.

Externally, your eycs must always be on your target It is the eyes which first observe and detect an oppOJient's movement, and then adecision is made by the hrain Once a decision is made, the techniqucsare executed through the hands and the lejfS, in coordination with the body. That is why it is said: "The eyes arrive, the hands immediately arrive, and the body and stepping also arrive." (Yan Dao Shou Dao, Shen

Bu Ye Dao) (眼到 '手到 '身步也到)

  Internally, in order to manifest the external techniques effectively,efficiently, and powerfully, you must learn how to conserve Your essence

and cultivate and raise your spirit. Then, you can build up abundant Qi(internal energy). When this abundant Qi is directed to the muscles, they manifest strength and power In addition, once your mind is in a highly alert state, your movements of hands,eyes, body and foot stepping will become agile and will move as one unit In order to reach this goal of energy manifestation. you must know methods of internal cultivation and how to apply externally. Without knowing the methods of the train

ing, all of the techniques will be without strong internal support Consequently, the techniques will be ineffective and weak Next, let us Discuss these ten requirements one by one, beginning with the external.

EXTERNAL:

Hand Drills(Shou Fa, 手法 )

Shou Fa generally refers to the hand techniques used for attack and defense in martial arts. Different martial styles have their own hand techniques and unique ways to manifest the characteristics of the styles Naturally, San Shou Kuai Jiao also has many different hand techniques and their usage and application depend on the

situation. Common hand techniques used in San Shou Kuai Jiao are: grabbing,pulling thrusting, blocking,holding, lifting, twist-ing. And pressing. Most importantly, since hands are the main tools in a fight,in order to execute techniques effectively and powerfully, you must train until your hands are strong and fast In San Shou Kuai Jiao. in order to execute your defensive and pffen-sive techniques effectively, you must be able to extend and with draw your hands very fast, and grab strongly and tightly.Hand/arm conditioning training will be introduced in chapter 3.

Eye Training (Yan Fa, 眼法)

A pair of clear and sharp eyes will bring your fighting skills to ahigher level. In a fight, the eyes make the first contact and observe your opponent's movement and intention. and then the mind makes judgments to adapt to the situation Having good vision helps to detect every movement of your opponent and reveals mistakes an opponent makes so you can choose the right decision for an offensive or defensive move. In addition, a good stare can put a lot of mental and psychological pressure on your opponent.When fighting, look into your opponent's eyes to detect his moti-

vation. When your opponent is scared.you can see that his eyes are not focused but scattered If he is careless and rude. he will stare back at you. If your opponent is the cunning type, his glance will be .subtle Different fighters have different personali-ties and different levels of skins: therefore. each will have a very

different expression in his eyes.There are a few ways that you can detect your opponent's inten-tion when you watch his body movements, his facial expressions.

and his eyes. When an opponent stares to your left. be wary of an attack to your left side. When an opponent looks down, watch out for his legs. When an opponent attacks with his mouth open,more than likely he will not have much power in his punch or kick. When an opponent attacks with his mouth closed, the power will be strong.Observing shoulder movements is also very important When the opponent’s left shoulder is sinking,very likely he will kick with his right leg:. When the opponent's

right shoulder moves backward, very likely he will strike with his left hand Although it will be more complicatccl jji a real fiqht,An cxperienccd fightcr always watches and uses bocly move-mejits and cyc ajicl facial cxprcssions as a fii:hting strate4y to corifuse his oPIJonent, force him to make a wrong decision, and then take aclvantage of the mistake. Jn jTeneral. eye training is Jnuch harder to master than physical techniques and other skills,

Body Movements(Shen Fa.身法)

Shen Fa generally refers to the body movement which governs the action of a technique. In order to manifest strong power in the technique executed, you must know how to use your spine and chest to g:enerate the power The spine and the chest (I,e.

torso) are considered to be two bii4 bows which generate power,while the waist acts like a steering wheel which directs the power to the four limbs.The movements of the torso are dividedinto four different cate-gories: 1).changing the chest's direction.2). Bending and extend-ing the torsoforward or backward.3). Wai.st rotation and twist-ing.4).Using the torso for attacking and defending.Beauce all four limbs and the head connect to the body(torso),the movement of the body can lead or control the movement of the head limbs. The turning and twisting of the body can

cause the arms to strike horizontally. When the body is extending forward or withdrawing backward, you can increase the distance for striking or avoiding an opponent's attack. From a power mani-festation point of view, the opening and closing of the chest or turninq and twisting of the waist helps to store or emit Jin (power)

besides assisting the movement of the four limbs, the torso can be used for attack and defense For example. you can use your back or shoulder to press and strike an opponent, or turn and twist the torso to evade an opponent's attack.Body movements in the martial arts should be lively and should emphasize the use of the waist Also, body movements must be quick. Even if your limbs are fast. if your body does not have speed. the techniques of the will not l)e fast and effective Therefore

the body is the foundation of the hands and legs. The hands and legs can move fast only when the body can move fast You should always avoid bodily stiffness. A relaxed body is the key to ai4ility and swiftness

Strategy and Techniques (Fa/Ji Fa,技法)

Fa  means the method or technique. In a martial context. it means fi:4htjjig techniques and strategies. Good fighting techniques act as a channel for speed and power, todirect the speed and power efficiently and effectively If you have speed and power but no techniques. you will be a less effective fighter Conversely, if you know many techniques but lack speed and power, your tech-niques will be of little use. Good techniques must be learned from experienced masters. A Muster is just like a coach in sports-without a good experienced coach, even if you have good players, your team may not win When you learn techniques from a master, you w川 also learn the fighting strategies. Generally, fighting strategies are obtained from experience The more experience a master has, the more he knows how to handle different situations Not only that. he will know how to set up an opponent and create opportunities to make every technique effective,efficient,and powerful.

Stepping (Bu Fa,步法)

Bu Fa generally refers to the stepping techniques or footwork used to move and change direction. Bu Fa has the purpose of moving the body forward and backward. dodging left and right.and increasing the ability to extend, twist. and turn the body.

Foot stability is the foundation of balanced movement. The quickness of the footwork will increase the technique's speed and power.Skillful stepping is the foundation of agility.

Chinese martial arts demonstrate a variety of Bu Fa. Aside from common stepping methods, many styles have unique footwork that reflects the principles behind those styles For example:Taijiquan's (太极拳) Taiji bu (Taiji Stepping,太极步); Baguazhangr’s(八卦掌) Tang Ni Bu (Muddy Stepping.纛冕步);Xingyiquan's（形意拳） Cun bu (Inch stepping,寸步 ). Ji Bu (UrgentStepping,疾步），and Zuan Bu (Drill stepping,躜步)，etc.

In a fight. your footwork is constantly changing to adjust to theSituation. Proper positioning and speed can put you in the most advantageous position to execute your techniques. When you can move fast and occupy the most advantageous position, youwill put your opponent in an urgent, defensive position. The com mon stepping techniques used in San Shou Kuai Jiao will he intro- duced in chapter 2.Next we will examine the internal elements in the coordination ofExtenal and Internal.

INTERNAL:

Essence (Jing精)

Jing means essence, the most refined organic material in your body. which you inherited from your parents In fact. it is the .Jing which decides how stron14 and healthy you will be Chinese medicine believes human Jing is stored in the kidneys  When the jing is abundant and of good quality, you will have a stroni4 phys-ical body, abundant Qi,and a high spirit Therefore, learning how to conserve your essence has been an important part of Chinese martial arLs training. There are a few things that may affect the storage of your essence.

1. Too much sex. This applies to males. According to Chinese Medicine, when a man CJigaj.es in too much sexual activity, his kid-neys will be overworked and the production of the essence to sup-ply the body’s needs will be significantly reduced. Therefore, a martial artist must learn to regulate his sex life It has also been

discovered in Chinese martial arts society that if a man has sex before combat, his energy and endurance will be low and he can easily be defeated.

 2.  Too much training without rest. A smart martial artist will know how to train hard hut also kriow how to relax and allow his body to recover.When a body is over-exercised, the kidneys and liver will be too Yang, or too positive, which can result in physical and mental fatigue. When this happens, you will not be able to keep your mental center in the fight Comsequently, your spirit will be low and your judgment poor.

 3. Unhealthy lifestyle Another way to damage the storage and the manifestation of the essence is a poor-excessive drink-ing,smoking, a lack of sleep, and poor eating habits When this happens, both the physical and spiritual body will be affected,

and your Qi will also be weak and deficient.Therefore. in order to perform your martial skill effectively and efficiently, the first thing you should concern yourself with is how to preserve and protect your essence. Essence (Jing,精).

 Spirit (Shen.神). and Internal Energy (Qi.氟) are considerccl the three treasures (San Bao, 三宝) in Chinese Qigong and martial arts society.

Spirit (Shen, 神)

Shen is spirit. or morale When your spirit is high. your fighting techniques can be executed skillfully and powerfully. In Chinese Qigong society, it is believed that it is the essence stored in the body which makes the production of Qi strong (l.ian Jing Hua Qi,When the Qi is abundant is abundant and circulating strongly, the Qi can be led to the brain to raise the spirit,which can strength-en your will and motivation.It is because of this reason that Jing-Shen (Essence-Spirit) is com- monly used together and referred to as the "spirit of vitality " it also reflects the energy (Qi) level of your body. When your spirit is high the Qi can he directed efficiently to energize the physical body to its maximum.learning how to raise your spirit of vitality is an important part of Chinese martial arts training When your spirit is high, you will be brave and confident. It is said: “YiDan,Er Li, San Gongfu” ( 一胆,二力. 三功夫 ). This means: “First, bravery; .second, power; and third, technique."”From this, you can see bravery, generated by a high .spirit (fighting morale), is the most important element for a martial artist to have.

To conclude. when your spirit is high it will reflect externally in your face and eyes, which shows your opponent your confidence and bravery. Therefore, when you encounter an opponent, you must first raise your spirit yet remain calm. Physically, when your spirit is high your Qi is abundant and able to energize the musches and tendons to their maximum efficiency. When this happens, your body will become more agile, speedy, and power-ful.

Internal Energy(Qi,气)

As mentioned earlier, Qi is one of the three treasures for main taining your life force. Qi generally refers to universal energy, and also to the energy circulating in human and animal bodies. To Chinese martial artists, Qi is the root and foundation of physical strength. Through correct breathing training and mental concen-

tration, Qi can be built up to a stronger and more abundant level in the Lower Dan Tian (Xia Dan Tian,下丹田). When this internal energy is sent to the external physical body, it becomes martial power (.jin) and significantly improves the effectiveness of the techniques you execute.

When you encounter an opponent, you must keep your mind calm and breathe naturally. Use reverse breathing to sink your Qi to the lower Dan Tian to prevent your body and mind from get-ting tooexcited, which can result in shallow breathing. When you

are excited and breathe shallowly. your Qi will rise upward and become weak In this case. your root will also be shallow, making it easier for your opponent to throw you down.In addition. when you are excited and breathing fast. you willbecome fatigued and lose your endurance. In order to maintain your endurance and keep your fighting spirit high, you must learn how to use and control your Qi efficiently.When this inter nal energy is manipulated properly, it will maximize your physi-cal strength. To learn more about Qi and Qigong, especially for martial purposes, refer to the book The Essence of shaolin White Crane,by Dr. Yang, Jwing-Ming.

Power/Strength (Li,力)

 The general understanding of Li is muscular power(force) gen- erated by the physical body. It also implies the martial power (Jin,動) of martial arts training, Jin is generally defined as mar-tial power in which your physical body is energized by Qi and the spirit to its maximum efficiency and potential. All Chinese martial arts styles train Jin Although there are many different ways of Jin training in Chinese martial arts, its theory and prin-ciples remain the same.

In order to make the San Shou Kuai Jiao techniques effective and powerful, you must also train Jin There are many different kinds of San Shou Kuai Jiao Jin training  For example: Inch .Jin (Cun Jin, 寸劲),Explosive jin (Bao Fa Jin,爆發劲),Extend/Stretch jin(Beng Jin,崩劲).1ngenuity Jin (Qiao Jin,巧勁 ), Penetrate/ Thrusting Jin(Tong Jing,捅動), Twisting Jin (Ning Jin.拧劲), etc When Jin is properly applied to a technique, the techinque becomes morepowerful and alive.

A proficient martial artist should always avold using Jin directly against an opponent’s Jin You should be able to manifest Jin nat-urally, and either as hard or as soft as necessary. When the Jin is too hard, the power will not be alive and smooth and can be eas-ily neutralized by your opponent. If it is too soft, then the power will not be strong enough to execute the technique effectively and powerfully. Some Jin training methods will be information in chapter 2 and chapter 30f this book. For more information on Jin training, refer to the book Tai ChiTheory & Martial Power, by Dr.Yang, Jwing-Ming

Gongfu/Kung Fu (Gong, 功)

Gong generally refers to the level of martial skill attained by the martial artist .It includes body conditioning,internal mind and Qi cultivation. martial techniques, and power. In some styles, Gong often refers to special skill levels which take a great effort of ener-gy and time to train. Therefore, Cong has been commonly used

to measure the level of effectiveness and strength of the power in

  martial techniques.

Gongfu/Kung Fu (功夫) literally means energy-time.lt also refers to any study, learning or practice which requires patience,energy. and time to learn or accomplish. Since practicing Chinese martial arts requires a great deal of time and energy, Chinese martial arts are also commonly called (30ngfu.To become a proficient San Shou Kuai Jiao expert. your San Shou Kuai Jiao Gongfu level must he excellent in all areas-technique,Speed, power,spirit, etc. When your opponent is fast. you must

be faster When your opponent is powerful, you should be stronger, fiercer. and more skillful. Your endurance should he superior,In all, your Gongfu (basic body and mental conditioning and skills) has to he of the highest level in order to win. Keep

practicing basic skills diligently and you w川 make your San Shou Kuai Jiao Congfu more proficient.

  2).Opportunity (Shi Ji.時機 )

  In a fight. you must be able to seize the opportunity when it comes.Opportunity can be found or created. It is based upon your opponent'sbody gestures, techniques, or mistakes made during the fight. When there is an opportunity. the proper San Shou Kuai Jiao technique must Opportunity comes and goes rather quickly If there is an opportuni-ty and you are not able to catch it, or you hesitate to make a decision. It will vanish in the blink of an eye. Once the opportunity has passed and you still try to apply a technique. you may be giving your opponent a chance to reverse the situation. For example. when your opponent attacks you with a right punch to your face, you may quickly dodije t。the right and use your left hand to ~'rab his right wrist to control him.and then apply an appropriate San Shou Kuai Jiao technique to throw him down  F3ut if your timinir is wronA' and reaction is slow. his arrn has

already beCJi pullcd back before you can grab it You have mi.ssed the chance If you COJitinue to execute the grab, your opponent can take the oIJportunity kJ attack you Opportunity can be created An expericnced fighter is able to use strategie.s ajid tricks to open his opponent to attack. Of course. it is not easy to catch every possible opportunity during a fight. Your skills and knowledge will grow along with your experience, but not without hard work. Therefore, the more you are able to practice with different part-ners, the better you will increase this experience, and train yourself 。recognize and take aclvantage of upportunities

 3).lngenuity (Qiao,巧 )

    Ingenuity is the skill in San Shou Kuai Jiao trainijij4 that teaches you

how to apply your techniques cleverly. In fact, ingenuity must be com-bined with others skills such as reaction, speed, endurance, and dura-bility of the body as a whole  It is the mostadvanced product of all martial arts skills combined.In a complex situation such as a fight, you can not just rely on one or two particular skills to defeat your opponent.Instead. you must use techniques, footwork. the ability to move your Body well, the ability to use strategies,and the ability to improvise and take advantage of situations Ingenuity is the ability to take advantage of situations Each individ-Ual person will apply this skill differently If you are physically stronger than your opponent, take that as your advantage But if you are not as strong as your opponent, you can notblindly match muscle power against muscle power. You must observe your opponent's movement Carefully and then apply appropriate techniques cleverly.1n order to improve this type of skill, reaction ability and the use of strategy must be emphasized Ingenuity will improve training,training, analysis,and experience.

4）. Speed (Su Du,速度)

     Speed is one of the most important elements in martial arts training Without proper .speed, all the martial arts techniques in the world will not help you. There are different types of speed emphasized jjl martial arts training. Common speed training emphasizes the quickness of the eyes, hands, body, legs. footwork. and mind.

    The most important among them is the speed of mind. The mind is the control center of the body. Although the speed of the entire physical body is important, the mind has the most important role in deciding which reactions to perform and what strategy to apply to the situation.If your mind is uncertain and slow to respond, then your decisions will not be firm and your reactions will be slow. This means that your hands and feet will also be slow, since their movements are controlled by the

mind. Mind also plays the main role in directing the eyes to observe and react to your opponent's movements. When the state of your mind is firm and your spirit is high, every part of your body will able to respond to your opponent's strategy. On the other hand, when you lack focus and your spirit is low, your reaction will be slow As we mentioned above. the mind controls the speed of the physical body, and the reaction time of the mind plays an important role in the art of fighting. Therefore, reaction must also be emphasized in training.Generally speaking,reaction is the ability of your body to respond to sudden changes. The ability to react fast in San Shou Kuai Jiao is very important. When fighting, you and your opponent's body gestures and techniques change very quickly To be able to react to sudden changes

during a fight, you must not only have appropriate techniques, but also i400d speed

      Speed is a key factor for a successful in San Shou Kuai Jiao. Your hands and legs mustcoordinate. There is a saying when applying San Shou Kuai Jiao techniques in fight; "Eyes like lighting; Hands like an arrow;Waist like a coiling snake; legs like a drill" (Yan Si Shan Dian; Shou Si Jian;Yao Si Pan She; Jiao Si Zuan) (眼似閃電,手似箭.腰似盤蛇 ,腳似鑽 .). The above saying points out the importance of the speed of eyes, hands, body and legs which San Shou Kuai Jiao depends on to win the fii4ht  With good speed, your techniques will be more sudden and not give your opponent time to react to your attack. If your movements are agile and lively. your

opponent will not be able to discern your intention until it is too late.The important point is that speed and reaction are a crucial part of San Shou Kuai Jiao training. If you have only good techniques but no speed and reaction, you will not be able to apply the throwing tech-niques efficiently. Therefore, speed and reaction must be emphasized in San Shou Kuai Jiao training.

5). State Of Mind {Xin Li Zhuang Tai.,心理状态}

    State of mind is the expression of emotional activities of the brain during a fight State of mind can be seen through body movement, and also in the eyes and facial expression. State of mind is often referred to as "spirit" in martial arts.

    All activities in the body and mind arc closely related Mentality is

the main force behind your techniques. speed and power. Of course,your mental and emotional state of mind are dependent on your level of skill. The higher the level of skill you have. the higher your confidence and spirit will he.

    A fight is not just a contest of fists.It is also a contest of minds. When

facing an opponent. the first thing you must do is raise your spirit andpsychologically feel an advantage over your opponent. In fighting, you must have confidence and courage, and believe that you can defeat your opponent. Keep yourself calm and do not hesitate Dare to fight against your opponent. Such [earless spirit is a requirement that a martial artist must have. Psychologically you have to believe that you are stronger than your opponent and you can overcome any obstacle to defeat him There is ajl old saying in Chinese "Liang Qiang Xiang Yu; Yong Zhe Sheng" (兩強相遇 ,勇者勝) , which means "When two strong (fighters)meet, the brave one will win." Bravery is the state of mind filled with courage and fearlessness.

      Another important aspect of the state of mind is mental self-control

The control ability w川 first appear in the stability of emotion (feeling).When facing a good fighter. you must keep calm and breathe naturally,or use reverse breathing to help prevent getting excited. Keep your facial expression solemn and natural. In this way, you show your oppo-nent nothing. But in return, you put psychological pressure on your opponent. Act bravely or seriously inside (state of mind) and indolent(casually) outside In a fight. you must control your emotion. Do not rush to attack blindly without understanding your opponent. Your opponent may very well play the same game that you are playing observe every detail of the situation. Control yourself mentally and do not get excited in either an advantageous or disadvantageous position.

 6). Strategy (Zhan Shu.戰术)

     In order to do well in a fight, not only do you need to have superior spirit, techniques and skills, but you also need to have the ability to apply strategies in a fight. An experienced fighter always knows how to take advantage of the situation and is able to create opportunities by

     Faking techniques can be divided into three different kinds. First is the fake that conceals a real techniques Second is the fake used to set a trap by purposely opening yourself to your opponent. The third is used to provoke or enrage an opponent, to make the opponent angry so that he will lose control, and will more likely make careless mistakes that You can take advantai4e of.

     The effectiveness of using fakes in fight depends upon your ability to Analyze and compare your own and your opponent's real streni4ths, the ability to make the fake look real. self control. and the ingenuity to use your advantages against your opponent's shortcomings. However, you should not underestimate your opponents .skill, and never overestimate vourself.

1-3. The Three Training Stages of San

         Shou Kuai Jiao

     The training and development of San Shou Kuai Jiao skills 4enerally goes in three stages. The first stage is learning the basic skills of San Shou Kuai Jiao The second stage is to master those basic skills The third stage is to be able to use those skills naturally and creatively in real aituations.

 1. The Fundamental Stage;

    San Shou Kuai Jiao training must start with basic training for body Conditioning. Through basic training you improve your speed. power,confidence and body coordination.

     In this stage of training, you will practice single San Shou Kuai Jiao techniques until they are smooth and accurate This stage emphasizes techniques, footwork,body coordination and understanding the appli-cation of each technique. Also, solo forms and equipment training will improve endurance and power Proper development of one technique requires long hard training Above all. the most important element is the development of your Will, Bravery and Alertness.

2. Mastering and Specializing in Techniques Stage:

     According to your own body potential and condition, select the San Shou Kuai Jiao techniques that suit you most. Each individual's body height, weight, shape, strength and condition is different. Therefore, you should choose techniques that suit your own condition and specialize in them The benefit of selecting' favorite techniques is that it boo.sts enthu-siasm and speeds up the learnin4 process and understanding of the techniques

   At this point you should have a very solid foundation of San Shou Kuai Jiao techniques, body conditioning and other important require-ments. Also in this stage, you should further explore the concepts of speed and fighting distance to further improve your attacking and defending abilities Continue to polish your San Shou Kuai Jiao tech-niques to make them natural, so that your body will reace automatically

and correctly At this stage of training, you will start to form your own specialized San Shou Kuai Jiao techniques and strategy.

3. Refining Stage:

    With the combination of solid basic skills and specialized skills,this is the time to test the abilities you have acquired and apply them in more competitive environments, like sparring and competitions At this stage you will hone your basic skills and train your ingenuity and fight-ing strategies. To reach this level requires a strong will, a commitment to hard work, thoughtful analysis, and the clarity of mind to know your goals and see how best to achieve them.